Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus endemic to several West African countries that causes Lassa fever (LF). LF is typically mild but it can cause severe disease characterized by hemorrhagic fever and multi-organ failure. A current outbreak of LASV in Nigeria has seen greater than 300 cases with a case fatality rate of 22%. Currently, there are limited treatment options and no vaccine candidates are approved to prevent LASV infection. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations has identified LASV as an emerging pathogen of high consequence and this has resulted in a push for several preclinical vaccine candidates to be advanced toward clinical trials. Here, we discuss several important aspects of LASV infection including immunobiology, immune evasion, and correlates of protection against LF, which have been identified through animal models and human infections. In addition, we discuss several vaccine candidates that have shown efficacy in animal models that could be advanced toward clinical trials. The increased fatality rate seen in the recent LASV outbreak in Nigeria highlights the importance of developing effective treatment and prevention strategies against LF. The spike in LASV cases seen in West Africa...Continue Reading
Citations
Jan 27, 2019·Vaccines·Federico Perdomo-CelisJuan C Zapata
Feb 1, 2019·Journal of Virology·C E HulsebergJ M White
May 10, 2019·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Jingjing JiangStephanie J Ramos
May 30, 2019·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Derek R SteinDavid Safronetz
Aug 2, 2019·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Anahita FathiMarylyn M Addo
Mar 23, 2019·BMJ Global Health·Laura T Mazzola, Cassandra Kelly-Cirino
Feb 23, 2020·Pilot and Feasibility Studies·Kolawole SalamiNadia G Tornieporth
Feb 19, 2019·NPJ Vaccines·Derek R SteinDavid Safronetz
Aug 28, 2019·Viruses·Giada MattiuzzoMark Page
Jun 4, 2019·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Markus H KainulainenChristina F Spiropoulou
Apr 5, 2020·Viruses·Francis Ifedayo Ibukun
Oct 1, 2020·Scientific Reports·Megan L HeinrichLuis M Branco
Sep 4, 2019·Current Opinion in Virology·Lauren E Garnett, James E Strong
Mar 11, 2021·Virologica Sinica·Xueqin ZhuWei Wang
Jul 30, 2019·Current Opinion in Virology·Brett BeitzelGustavo Palacios
Apr 4, 2021·Viruses·Meirong WangWei Chen
Apr 4, 2021·Pathogens·Bryce M Warner
May 1, 2021·Microorganisms·Frederick HansenKyle Rosenke
Jan 27, 2022·Expert Review of Vaccines·Yu BaiZhenglun Liang