Current state and challenges of full-scale membrane bioreactor applications: A critical review

Bioresource Technology
Kang XiaoXia Huang

Abstract

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment has been developed for over three decades. Our latest survey shows that MBR applications for wastewater treatment are still in rapid growth today. This review summarizes the pros, cons and progress in full-scale MBR applications. Critical statistics on the capital cost, operating cost, footprint, energy consumption and chemical consumption of full-scale MBRs are provided, and are compared to those of conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes with/without tertiary treatment. The efficiencies in full-scale treatment of ordinary pollutants (C, N and P), pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and emerging pollutants (e.g., trace organic pollutants) are reviewed. The long-term operation stability of full-scale MBRs is also discussed with several examples provided, with special attention placed on the seasonal variation of membrane fouling. Finally, the future challenges of MBR application are outlined from the perspectives of fouling control, pollutant removal, cost-effectiveness and competitiveness in specific fields of application.

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Bioreactors (ASM)

Bioreactors are important devices or systems that utilize living cells or enzymes for a chemical process. These devices carefully control and monitor the environment factors such as pH, nutrients level, and temperature, which can affect the yield in a given process. Discover the latest research here.

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