Current status and future directions of invasive pneumococcal diseases and prophylactic approaches to control them

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Paeton L Wantuch, Fikri Y Avci

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human bacterial pathogen responsible for millions of deaths each year and significantly more illnesses worldwide. With over 90 different serotypes, providing effective vaccine programs has been a continuing challenge. Since 1983, the world has been introduced to four different pneumococcal vaccines (PPSV23, PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) each with their own complications and successes. Since vaccination programs began, a decrease in the overall rate of pneumococcal pneumonia and associated diseases has been observed, notably in higher risk populations. However, with a decrease in incidence of vaccine type pneumococcal serotypes, increases in non-vaccine serotypes of the bacteria have been observed along with serotype switching. Additionally, a rise in antibiotic resistant strains of S. pneumoniae is noted. Here we discuss both the positive and negative clinical manifestations of pneumonia vaccine programs and discuss the challenges in pneumococcal vaccine design.

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Citations

Jun 23, 2020·Case Reports in Infectious Diseases·Srujana Mohanty, Manas Kumar Panigrahi
Jun 13, 2020·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Mehmet CeyhanYasemin Ay Altintop
Jan 23, 2019·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Paeton L Wantuch, Fikri Y Avci
Dec 26, 2018·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Aslinur Ozkaya-ParlakaySelin Nar-Otgun
Jan 1, 2021·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Tuna DemirdalBusra Emir
May 21, 2021·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Matt WassermanStephen Pelton
Jul 3, 2021·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Kenichi TakeshitaNaoki Shimojo

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