Current understanding of pineal gland structure and function in headache

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
Mario Fp PeresJosé Cipolla-Neto

Abstract

The pineal gland plays an important role in biological rhythms, circadian and circannual variations, which are key aspects in several headache disorders. Melatonin, the main pineal secreting hormone, has been extensively studied in primary and secondary headache disorders. Altered melatonin secretion occurs in many headache syndromes. Experimental data show pineal gland and melatonin both interfere in headache animal models, decreasing trigeminal activation. Melatonin has been shown to regulate CGRP and control its release. Melatonin has been used successfully as a treatment for migraine, cluster headaches and other headaches. There is a rationale for including the pineal gland as a relevant brain structure in the mechanisms of headache pathophysiology, and melatonin as a treatment option in primary headache.

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Citations

Oct 28, 2019·Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache·Jan Hoffmann, Philip R Holland
Jul 18, 2020·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·Ioannis LiampasEfthimios Dardiotis
Jul 21, 2021·The Journal of Headache and Pain·Amanda Holmen PoulsenMessoud Ashina
Sep 26, 2021·Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·Arão Belitardo de OliveiraMario Fernando Prieto Peres

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