Cytokine-producing cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis

Neurology
T Olsson

Abstract

In both multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the regulation of the cytokine spectrum and production is likely to have a decisive influence on disease outcome. Studies of cytokines, however, are hampered by the autocrine or paracrine nature of cytokines. Studies of cellular production by messenger RNA detection or cellular secretion are therefore necessary. Collective data suggest that certain cytokines associated with the TH1 phenotype or lymphocytes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin, interleukin-12, and interferon gamma, may promote disease, while cytokines produced by the TH2 subset, such as interleukin-10, may limit disease. In addition, transforming growth factor beta is a putative disease downregulator. Increased knowledge in this field will likely lead to improved therapy for MS patients.

Citations

Dec 8, 2010·Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]·Michael ValerioAtif B Awad
May 4, 2005·Trends in Immunology·Antonio UccelliVito Pistoia
Feb 21, 2004·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Makoto MatsuiTakahiko Saida
Jun 14, 2005·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Roberto FurlanGianvito Martino
Nov 26, 2003·Experimental Neurology·Rafael GonzalezHans S Keirstead
Feb 23, 2000·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Y PollakR Yirmiya
Jun 7, 2006·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Ken KoguchiDavid A Hafler
Jan 4, 2007·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Melanie A KleinschekDaniel J Cua
Jul 21, 1998·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Z Y WangB M Conti-Fine
Apr 8, 1999·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·S InogésA Sánchez-Ibarrola
Dec 12, 1997·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·G MartinoL M Grimaldi
Dec 12, 1997·Journal of Neuroimmunology·D D BranisteanuR Bouillon
Feb 13, 2001·Journal of Neuroimmunology·H HacksteinG Bein
Mar 17, 2010·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·Maryam IzadMohammad Keramatipour
Nov 14, 1997·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·D M Damek, E A Shuster
Jan 25, 2011·Behavioural Brain Research·Isabella PerugaRalf A Linker
Jul 28, 2004·American Journal of Reproductive Immunology : AJRI·Yasuaki SaijoReiko Kishi
Apr 19, 2008·Journal of Neurochemistry·Fleur Pinteaux-JonesJennifer M Pocock
Feb 14, 2007·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·E Kamali-SarvestaniB Gharesi-Fard
Oct 8, 1998·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·M SchluepP J Magistretti

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.