Cytokines and costimulation in acute graft-versus-host disease.

Blood
Geoffrey R Hill, Motoko Koyama

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is an important curative therapy for high-risk hematological malignancies, but the development of severe and/or steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a significant limitation to optimal outcomes. New approaches to prevent and treat aGVHD remain an unmet need that can be best addressed by understanding the complex disease pathophysiology. It is now clear that chemoradiotherapy used prior to alloSCT induces the release of endogenous alarmins (eg, HMGB-1, ATP, IL-1α, IL-33) from recipient tissue. Exogenous pathogen-derived molecules (eg, lipopolysaccharide, nucleic acids) also translocate from the gastrointestinal tract lumen. Together, these danger signals activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to efficiently present alloantigen to donor T cells while releasing cytokines (eg, interleukin-12 [IL-12], IL-23, IL-6, IL-27, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β) that expand and differentiate both pathogenic and regulatory donor T cells. Concurrent costimulatory signals at the APC-T-cell interface (eg, CD80/CD86-CD28, CD40-CD40L, OX40L-OX40, CD155/CD112-DNAM-1) and subsequent coinhibitory signals (eg, CD80/CD86-CTLA4, PDL1/2-PD1, CD155/CD112-TIGIT...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 13, 2021·Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment·Hongpan ZhangBangXian Tan
Dec 29, 2020·Stem Cells Translational Medicine·Aileen L RowlandAshlee E Watts
Mar 2, 2021·Frontiers in Physiology·Zhengcan ZhouYuxin Feng
May 27, 2021·BioMed Research International·Zhengyu YuHuihui Liu
Aug 17, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Nicholas J HessChristian M Capitini
Oct 14, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Johanna StroblGeorg Stary

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