Cytokines and immunity to viral infections

Immunological Reviews
Ian A RamshawJ Ruby

Abstract

In this review, we discuss two broad approaches we have taken to study the role of cytokines and chemokines in antiviral immunity. Firstly, recombinant vaccinia viruses were engineered to express genes encoding cytokines and chemokines of interest. Potent antiviral activity was mediated by many of these encoded factors, including IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, CD40L, Mig and Crg-2. In some cases, host defense mechanisms were induced (IL-2, IL-12, Mig and Crg-2), whilst for others, a direct antiviral effect was demonstrated (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and CD40L). In sharp contrast, vector-directed expression of IL-4, a type 2 factor, greatly increased virus virulence, due to a downregulation of host type 1 immune responses. Our second experimental approach involved the use of strains of mice deficient for the production of particular cytokines or their receptors, often in combination with our engineered viruses. Mice deficient in either IFN-gamma, IFN-gamma R, IFN-alpha/beta R, TNFRs, CD40 or IL-6 were, in general, highly susceptible to poxvirus infection. Surprisingly, not only the TNFR1, but also the TNFR2, was able to mediate the antiviral effects of TNF-alpha in vivo, whilst the antiviral activity observed following CD40-CD40L...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M K SpriggsC R Maliszewski
May 1, 1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S K SambhiI A Ramshaw
Jan 1, 1990·European Journal of Immunology·M R Kohonen-CorishI A Ramshaw
Mar 1, 1989·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·P J MorrisseyS G Reed
Jan 1, 1985·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·J F Bukowski, R M Welsh
Oct 1, 1987·The Journal of General Virology·H C O'Neill, M Brenan
Jun 1, 1987·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·K TakatsuA Tominaga
Jan 1, 1974·Transplantation Reviews·R V Blanden
May 1, 1995·Nature Medicine·J RubyI A Ramshaw
Nov 1, 1995·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·F LiaoJ M Farber
Aug 1, 1995·Journal of Virology·M F van den BroekR M Zinkernagel
Jul 1, 1993·Journal of Virology·G KarupiahR M Buller
Dec 20, 1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Z E WangR M Locksley
Dec 1, 1994·Immunology Today·M Clerici, G M Shearer
Mar 1, 1995·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·B E Rich, P Leder
Mar 1, 1995·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·A J CoyleG Le Gros
Jan 28, 1994·Cell·W E Paul, R A Seder
Jul 1, 1994·Journal of Virology·M BattegayR M Zinkernagel
Jun 1, 1994·Current Opinion in Immunology·R J Armitage
Jun 1, 1994·Current Opinion in Immunology·M Croft
Mar 1, 1993·Immunology Today·M Clerici, G M Shearer
Apr 29, 1994·Science·B Beutler, C van Huffel
Dec 1, 1993·European Journal of Immunology·A J Ramsay, M Kohonen-Corish

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 8, 2001·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·S MahalingamP S Foster
Aug 11, 2005·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·Markus J SchwarzNorbert Müller
Oct 24, 2003·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Ulf Dittmer, Anke R M Olbrich
May 15, 2002·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Christopher D DeMaulaN James MacLachlan
Jul 19, 2000·Current Opinion in Immunology·S Mahalingam, G Karupiah
Jun 8, 2000·Immunity·M K Slifka, J L Whitton
May 23, 2001·Microbes and Infection·I A KhanL M Weiss
May 10, 2003·Microbes and Infection·Gwendolyn K Binder, Diane E Griffin
Mar 6, 1999·Current Opinion in Microbiology·M J EstcourtA J Ramsay
Nov 12, 2005·Parasitology·I R Haga, A G Bowie
Jan 13, 2010·Immunology and Cell Biology·Vijay PanchanathanGunasegaran Karupiah
Dec 22, 2010·Immunology and Cell Biology·Duncan B SutherlandIan A Ramshaw
Jan 18, 2007·Immunology and Cell Biology·Marianne M StanfordGeeta Chaudhri
Oct 10, 2007·Immunology and Cell Biology·Vijay PanchanathanGunasegaran Karupiah
Apr 6, 2004·Immunology and Cell Biology·Matthias Regner, Arno Müllbacher
Aug 27, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Geeta ChaudhriChristopher R Parish
Dec 19, 2001·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·B A SmallT J Braciale
May 1, 2002·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Baoming JiangRoger I Glass
Mar 11, 2010·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Jeffrey I CohenRonald L Hornung
Jun 26, 2002·Viral Immunology·Peter Kerr, Grant McFadden
Jun 28, 2003·Viral Immunology·Michael BaileyJohn F Sheridan
Aug 30, 2001·International Immunology·D Markine-GoriaynoffJ P Coutelier
Nov 4, 2005·Immunology and Cell Biology·Michelle F SolomonCharmaine J Simeonovic
Dec 3, 1999·Immunological Reviews·A J RamsayI A Ramshaw
Dec 11, 1999·Journal of Medical Primatology·T MulvaniaJ I Mullins
Nov 11, 2003·Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology·B JiangR I Glass
Jan 15, 2011·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Marjolaine VareilleNicolas Regamey
Oct 5, 2001·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·S W Chensue
Jun 16, 2006·Journal of Virology·Geeta ChaudhriGunasegaran Karupiah
Aug 13, 2010·Journal of Virology·Sreerupa ChallaFrancis Ka-Ming Chan
Oct 10, 2008·Journal of Virology·Carine SavarinStephen A Stohlman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Geeta ChaudhriG Karupiah
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
G Karupiah
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Vijay PanchanathanG Karupiah
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved