PMID: 9183517Jan 1, 1996Paper

Cytokines and thyroid function

Advances in Neuroimmunology
R A AjjanA P Weetman

Abstract

Cytokines play a crucial role in autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) through various mechanisms. They are produced in the thyroid by intrathyroidal inflammatory cells, in particular lymphocytes, as well as by the thyroid follicular cells (TFC) themselves and may thus act in a cascade to enhance the autoimmune process (Fig. 1). Cytokines upregulate the inflammatory reaction through stimulation of both T and B cells, resulting in antibody production and tissue injury. In addition, intrathyroidal cytokines induce immunological changes in TFC including enhancement of both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecule expression, and upregulation of adhesion and complement regulatory molecule expression. Cytokines can also modulate both growth and function of TFC and have a role in extrathyroidal complications of ATD, most importantly thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), where they induce fibroblast proliferation and enhance the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), resulting in proptosis and the other clinical features of the disease. In addition to these effects, exogenous administration of cytokines has been associated with impairment of thyroid function ranging from the appearance of autoantibodies alon...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1992·Clinical Endocrinology·A P Weetman
Feb 1, 1990·European Journal of Immunology·A P WeetmanM W Makgoba
Dec 1, 1990·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·T van der PollH P Sauerwein
Sep 1, 1989·Endocrinology·M Zakarija, J M McKenzie
Jul 1, 1989·The Journal of Endocrinology·A P WeetmanL K Borysiewicz
Feb 1, 1995·Journal of Immunotherapy with Emphasis on Tumor Immunology : Official Journal of the Society for Biological Therapy·R Vassilopoulou-SellinS Vadhan-Raj
Apr 1, 1995·European Journal of Endocrinology·L BartalenaE Martino
Jan 1, 1994·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·V A LiVolsi
Mar 1, 1993·Immunology Today·D B JonesG W Duff
Jan 1, 1996·Dermatology : International Journal for Clinical and Investigative Dermatology·G R WeissM C Sunderland
Jun 1, 1996·European Journal of Endocrinology·V R RadosavljevićJ M Marinković
Mar 1, 1996·Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM·A Cox, G W Duff

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 3, 2009·Clinical and Experimental Medicine·Omid KhalilzadehAliakbar Amirzargar
Oct 21, 2010·Endocrine·Mehdi AnvariAliakbar Amirzargar
Apr 9, 2013·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Aiti VizziniMatteo Cammarata
Jul 17, 2001·Clinical Endocrinology·J D Bretz, J R Baker
Aug 21, 2008·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Andrew G GianoukakisTerry J Smith
Mar 15, 2005·Journal of Autoimmune Diseases·Dimitry A Chistiakov
Oct 1, 2013·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Ides M ColinAnne-Catherine Gérard
Dec 13, 2003·Autoimmunity·R A Ajjan, A P Weetman
Nov 1, 2015·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Bojin XuYu Duan
Jan 9, 2007·Clinical Biochemistry·Ming-Yuh ShiauYih-Hsin Chang
Jun 5, 2008·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry·Shaun VargheseJohn R Klein
Aug 11, 1998·Biochemical Pharmacology·J R Klein
Oct 12, 2004·Clinical Endocrinology·A P Weetman
May 15, 2015·Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII·Snezana Zivancevic-SimonovicMiodrag Colic
Jul 15, 2016·Reproductive Toxicology·Lusine YaghjyanSu-Hsin Chang
Jan 6, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Assim A AlfaddaAishah A Ekhzaimy
Jan 7, 1999·Clinical Endocrinology·R A AjjanA P Weetman
Feb 23, 2002·Cell Death and Differentiation·J D BretzJ R Baker
Feb 21, 2018·International Journal of Dermatology·Yu-An WeiChien-Hui Hong
Feb 17, 2018·Thyroid Research·Marta RydzewskaArtur Bossowski
Oct 1, 2011·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Akira KawashimaKoichi Suzuki
Apr 29, 1998·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·R A MetcalfeA P Weetman
Sep 9, 2011·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Lingyan XuShu Wang
Jun 8, 2000·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·P J HuntK I Welsh
Aug 12, 1999·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Y AshhabR Pujol-Borrell
Jan 28, 2014·Molecular Biology Reports·Esra ÇilMüjdat Uysal
Jan 1, 2014·Human Genome Variation·Arzuhan KocGonul Kanigur Sultuybek
Feb 23, 2002·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Su He WangJames R Baker
May 29, 2004·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·R A Ajjan, A P Weetman
Sep 24, 2002·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Shiguang YuHelen Braley-Mullen
Sep 9, 2021·Endocrinology·Marcela Salazar-ViedmaVivian D'Afonseca

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

Antiarrhythmic Agents: Mechanisms of Action

Understanding the mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic agents is essential in developing new medications as treatment of cardiac arrhythmias is currently limited by the reduced availability of safe and effective drugs. Discover the latest research on Antiarrhythmic Agents: Mechanism of Action here.

Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Autoimmune thyroiditis is an inflammatory disease of thyroid gland due to autoimmune responses leading to lymphocytic infiltration of the gland. It is characterized by the presence of circulating thyroid antigen-specific T-cells and thyroid autoantibodies. Discover the latest research on autoimmune thyroiditis here.