PMID: 9450372Feb 5, 1998Paper

Cytokines for psychologists: implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition

Psychological Review
S F Maier, L R Watkins

Abstract

The brain and immune system form a bidirectional communication network in which the immune system operates as a diffuse sense organ, informing the brain about events in the body. This allows the activation of immune cells to produce physiological, behavioral, affective, and cognitive changes that are collectively called sickness, which function to promote recuperation. Fight-flight evolved later and coopted this immune-brain circuitry both because many of the needs of fight-flight were met by this circuitry and this cooptation allowed the immune system to respond to potential injury in anticipatory fashion. Many sequelae of exposure to stressors can be understood from this view and can take on the role of adaptive responses rather than pathological manifestations. Finally, it is argued that activation of immune-brain pathways is important for understanding diverse phenomena related to stress such as depression and suppression of specific immunity.

Citations

Apr 16, 2004·Behavioural Brain Research·Ian N Johnston, R Frederick Westbrook
Apr 15, 2004·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Hsing-Cheng LiuSy-Jye Leu
Nov 6, 2013·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·M DreslerF Holsboer
Nov 26, 2003·Physiology & Behavior·Julie K Cremeans-Smith, Benjamin H Newberry
Dec 14, 2002·The American Journal of Cardiology·Gregory E MillerWilliam A Banks
Jan 22, 2002·Journal of Psychosomatic Research·Paul H Black, Lisa D Garbutt
Apr 28, 2001·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·K M SellS Kent
Dec 14, 2002·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Christopher G EngelandKlaus-Peter Ossenkopp
Dec 11, 1999·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·R Avitsur, R Yirmiya
Jul 7, 1999·Lancet·C R Chapman, J Gavrin
Feb 13, 2001·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·C Rachal PughJ W Rudy
Dec 2, 1999·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·M KavaliersE Choleris
Jul 20, 2000·Journal of Neuroimmunology·C M De CastroJ Luís de Lima Filho
Aug 6, 2002·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Boris SakicHenry Szechtman
Apr 2, 2003·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Y PollakR Yirmiya
Sep 25, 1999·Journal of Neuroimmunology·A N TaylorR Yirmiya
Feb 23, 2000·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Y PollakR Yirmiya
Jun 12, 2003·Behavioural Brain Research·Ian N Johnston, R Frederick Westbrook
Jul 14, 2001·International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·J GruzelierD Henderson
May 19, 2010·Arthritis Research & Therapy·Sabine J M de BrouwerAndrea W M Evers
Jul 31, 1998·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·M KavaliersE Choleris
Jul 8, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L R Watkins, S F Maier
Jul 15, 2004·Psychological Bulletin·Suzanne C Segerstrom, Gregory E Miller
Sep 6, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Melissa A RosenkranzRichard J Davidson
Jun 2, 2006·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Marwan Khawaja, Mona Mowafi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.