PMID: 9546815Jan 1, 1997Paper

Cytokines in the evolution of Graves' ophthalmopathy

Autoimmunity
N Natt, R S Bahn

Abstract

Infiltration of the retroocular space by inflammatory cells and the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans are histological characteristics of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Various cytokines, released by infiltrating immunocompetent cells and resident connective tissue cells, play a pivotal role in the evolution of this disease. The predominant cytokines secreted by orbital T cells during the course of the disease may govern the activity and stage of the local autoimmune process. Cytokine effects of potential relevance to the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy include their ability to stimulate orbital fibroblasts to proliferate and secrete excess quantities of glycosaminoglycans. The edema associated with these hydrophilic macromolecules is directly responsible for many of the characteristic clinical features of the disease. In addition, certain cytokines induce or enhance the expression on orbital fibroblasts of immunomodulatory proteins. We review current evidence supporting the notion that cytokines are central to the development and evolution of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

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Citations

Dec 14, 2011·Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie·Delu SongFangtian Dong
Nov 3, 2009·Clinical and Experimental Medicine·Omid KhalilzadehAliakbar Amirzargar
Nov 22, 2001·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·S C JyonouchiR S Bahn
Apr 16, 2002·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Tomasz BednarczukJanusz Nauman
Apr 16, 2002·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Yuji HiromatsuEri Soejima
Jun 12, 1998·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·R S Bahn
Jul 21, 1998·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·C A Gorman
Apr 22, 1999·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·D YangK Nonaka
Mar 6, 2012·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Bernadett UjhelyiEndre V Nagy
May 10, 2006·Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM·Katarzyna Komosińska-VassevEwa M Koźma
Dec 19, 2006·Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM·Gerasimos E Krassas, Apostolos Gogakos
May 14, 2014·Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·Shannon J C Shan, Raymond S Douglas
Sep 8, 2016·Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy : Journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznań and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology·Meritxell ArenasJulià Panés
Mar 17, 2016·The Journal of Endocrinology·Erika GalgocziEndre V Nagy
Nov 28, 2018·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Shirin Hamed AzzamDaniel G Ezra
Feb 24, 2001·Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences·M YamadaJ R Wall
Dec 13, 2003·Endocrine Reviews·Bellur S PrabhakarTerry J Smith
Mar 17, 2000·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Y HiromatsuY Inoue
Oct 1, 2000·Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A·M H Kogut
May 3, 2003·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Rebecca S Bahn
Jun 8, 2000·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·P J HuntK I Welsh
Sep 13, 2003·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Seema Kumar, Rebecca S Bahn
Aug 29, 2020·Translational Vision Science & Technology·Dhanesh AmarnaniNahyoung Grace Lee
Jun 10, 2005·European Journal of Ophthalmology·S KloproggeA G Frauman

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