Cytosolic disulfide bond formation in cells infected with large nucleocytoplasmic DNA viruses

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Motti Hakim, Deborah Fass

Abstract

Proteins that have evolved to contain stabilizing disulfide bonds generally fold in a membrane-delimited compartment in the cell [i.e., the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS)]. These compartments contain sulfhydryl oxidase enzymes that catalyze the pairing and oxidation of cysteine residues. In contrast, most proteins in a healthy cytosol are maintained in reduced form through surveillance by NADPH-dependent reductases and the lack of sulfhydryl oxidases. Nevertheless, one of the core functionalities that unify the broad and diverse set of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) is the ability to catalyze disulfide formation in the cytosol. The substrates of this activity are proteins that contribute to the assembly, structure, and infectivity of the virions. If the last common ancestor of NCLDVs was present during eukaryogenesis as has been proposed, it is interesting to speculate that viral disulfide bond formation pathways may have predated oxidative protein folding in intracellular organelles.

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Citations

Jul 7, 2011·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Greta FaccioMarkku Saloheimo
Aug 9, 2012·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Mirva J Saaranen, Lloyd W Ruddock
Feb 19, 2014·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Kerstin Kojer, Jan Riemer
Jan 10, 2012·Annual Review of Biophysics·Deborah Fass

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AAM49617.1
AAX82328.1

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
protein folding
X-ray
electron microscopy
fluorescence microscopy
myristoylation

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