Cytotoxic effects of cytokines on human pancreatic islet cells in monolayer culture

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
A RabinovitchG L Warnock

Abstract

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) inhibit insulin release and may be cytotoxic to isolated rodent pancreatic islets. In this study we examined the effects of IL-1, TNF, and IFN gamma on the viability and hormone secretion of islets isolated from adult human pancreas and maintained in monolayer culture. IL-1 and TNF were cytotoxic to the islet cells (20-30% cell lysis) in a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, and IFN gamma had only small effects (less than 10% lysis). Combination of maximally cytotoxic concentrations of IL-1 (10 U/mL) and TNF (10(3) U/mL) produced an additive cytotoxic effect. IFN gamma (10(3) U/mL) acted synergistically with IL-1 and TNF, and the three cytokines added together produced maximal islet cell lysis (46.4 +/- 4.3%). Assay of insulin and glucagon in the islet monolayers revealed that IL-1, TNF, and IFN gamma inhibited both B- and A-cell secretory functions; however, only IL-1 and TNF produced permanent decreases in insulin and glucagon contents in the islet cultures. These findings indicate that IL-1 and TNF, as single agents, are cytotoxic to human islet cells, and that this cytotoxicity can be amplified by combining the cytokines and/or adding IFN gamma...Continue Reading

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