Cytotoxic effects of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on cochlear organotypic cultures.

Hearing Research
Weidong QiRichard J Salvi

Abstract

The amphipathic molecule dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is a solvent often used to dissolve compounds applied to the inner ear; however, little is known about its potential cytotoxic side effects. To address this question, we applied 0.1-6% DMSO for 24h to cochlear organotypic cultures from postnatal day 3 rats and examined its cytotoxic effects. DMSO concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25% caused little or no damage. However, concentrations between 0.5% and 6% resulted in stereocilia damage, hair cell swelling and a dose-dependent loss of hair cells. Hair cell damage began in the basal turn of the cochlea and spread towards the apex with increasing concentration. Surprisingly, DMSO-induced damage was greater for inner hair cells than outer hair cell whereas nearby supporting cells were largely unaffected. Most hair cell death was associated with nuclear shrinkage and fragmentation, morphological features consistent with apoptosis. DMSO treatment induced TUNEL-positive staining in many hair cells and activated both initiator caspase-9 and caspase-8 and executioner caspase-3; this suggests that apoptosis is initiated by both intrinsic mitochondrial and extrinsic membrane cell death signaling pathways.

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Citations

Sep 19, 2009·Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology·Tina I TsaiAlgis J Vingrys
Aug 10, 2010·Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine·Yang DongJian-rong Shi
Sep 23, 2010·Neurotoxicity Research·Dongzhen YuRichard Salvi
Apr 6, 2012·Neurotoxicity Research·Yong FuRichard Salvi
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Nov 15, 2013·BioMed Research International·Yong FuRichard Salvi
Mar 1, 2014·Neurotoxicity Research·Hong LiuRichard Salvi
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