D-cis-Diltiazem Can Produce Oxidative Stress in Healthy Depolarized Rods In Vivo.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Bruce A BerkowitzRobin Roberts

Abstract

New perspectives are needed to understand decades of contradictory reports on the neuroprotective effects of the Cav1.2 L-type calcium channel blocker d-cis-diltiazem in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) models. Here, we address, in vivo, the following two knowledge gaps regarding d-cis-diltiazem's actions in the murine outer retina: (1) do normal mouse rods contain d-cis-diltiazem-insensitive Cav1.2 L-type calcium channels? (2) Can d-cis-diltiazem modify the normal rod redox environment? First, transretinal Cav1.2 L-type calcium channels were noninvasively mapped with manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following agonist Bay K 8644 in C57BL/6 (B6) and in Cav1.2 L-type calcium channel BAY K 8644-insensitive mutant B6 mice. Second, d-cis-diltiazem-treated oxidative stress-vulnerable (B6) or -resistant [129S6 (S6)] mice were examined in vivo (QUEnch-assiSTed [QUEST] MRI) and in whole retina ex vivo (lucigenin). Retinal thickness was measured using MRI. The following results were observed: (1) manganese uptake patterns in BAY K 8644-treated controls and mutant mice identified in vivo Cav1.2 L-type calcium channels in inner and outer retina; and (2) d-cis-diltiazem induced rod oxidative stress in dark-adapted B6 mice but no...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 18, 2019·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Bruce A BerkowitzHaohua Qian
Mar 24, 2021·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Martin J MacKinnonYen-Yu Ian Shih
Nov 15, 2020·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·Deoye Tonade, Timothy S Kern
Nov 7, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Bruce A BerkowitzRobin Roberts
May 25, 2021·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Bruce A Berkowitz, Haohua Qian

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Software Mentioned

MEMRI
QUEST
R
minpack
R Foundation for Statistical Computing
lm
R Development Core Team
ImageJ
Mullen
SAS

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