David Hartley's psychobiological associationism and the legacy of Aristotle

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
H W Buckingham, S Finger

Abstract

The idea that there are certain "laws" of learning (similarity, contrast, contiguity) can be traced to Aristotle. He maintained that external stimuli cause small movements in the vessels to the dominant heart, the vestiges of which can be linked to one another. Aristotle's laws of learning were incorporated into the writings of Hobbes, Locke, and Berkeley, men who said nothing about the physiological correlates of mental associations. This left the door open for David Hartley to combine mental associationism with the Newtonian idea that sensations can cause minute particle vibrations in the nerves. Hartley's amalgam of psychology, philosophy, and neurology was first presented in 1746, as a "trial balloon" at the end a little-known monograph on a treatment for kidney stones. It was repeated three years later in his better-known Observations on Man. In many ways, modern psychobiological connectionism can be traced back to Hartley's Conjectures of 1746, in which Aristotle's original thoughts were modified with then current ideas about functions of the mind and the nervous system.

References

Apr 1, 1987·Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences·C U Smith
May 1, 1994·Archives of Neurology·S Finger, H W Buckingham
Sep 1, 1975·History of Science; an Annual Review of Literature, Research and Teaching·K M Figlio
Sep 1, 1995·Journal of the History of the Neurosciences·S Finger
Jul 1, 1957·Journal of Neurophysiology·A E WALKER

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Citations

May 7, 2010·Journal of the History of the Neurosciences·Hugh W Buckingham, Sarah S Christman
Aug 26, 2014·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Matthew D Egbert, Xabier E Barandiaran
Aug 8, 2014·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Xabier E Barandiaran, Ezequiel A Di Paolo
Feb 24, 2015·History of Psychiatry·Ge Berrios
Mar 19, 2005·Perception·Nicholas J Wade

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