Deaths due to physical restraint.

Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
Andrea M BerzlanovichWolfgang Keil

Abstract

Physical restraint is used primarily for patients at risk of falling, those with motor unrest and agitated behavior, and those who manifest an intention of doing harm to themselves or are at risk of suicide. The use of freedom-restraining measures (FRM), and, in particular, the use of physical restraints against the patient's will, can be a serious intrusion of basic human rights and, as such, an act of violence against the patient. The improper use of physical restraints can cause injuries of varying severity, which can sometimes be fatal. We analyzed all cases of death under physical restraint that were recorded in the autopsy reports of the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Munich from 1997 to 2010. Among the 27 353 autopsies conducted over the period of the study, there were 26 cases of death while the individual was physically restrained. Three of these cases involved patients who died of natural causes while restrained, and one was a suicide. The remaining 22 deaths were caused solely by physical restraint; all of them occurred in patients under nursing care who were not continuously observed. The immediate cause of death was strangulation (11 cases), chest compression (8 cases), or dangling in the head-down position (3 c...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 8, 2013·The Psychiatric Quarterly·Maryam RakhmatullinaTheresa Jacob
Jan 23, 2017·BMC Geriatrics·Gabriel J Estévez-GuerraElizabeth A Capezuti
Nov 20, 2016·Clinical Nursing Research·Fatemeh EskandariLi Ping Wong
Jun 20, 2019·Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P·Lívia Maria da Silva SouzaRomulo Delvalle
Jan 14, 2020·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Kosuke MatsuzonoShigeru Fujimoto
Jan 5, 2017·Age and Ageing·Emma BellengerBriohny Kennedy
Jul 2, 2020·International Journal of Nursing Practice·Xiufang ShenXiuli Zhu
Jun 28, 2019·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Xenia A K KerstingTilman Steinert
Jun 12, 2012·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Walter Endrikat
Jun 12, 2012·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Tilman Steinert
Mar 18, 2015·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Wolfgang von Renteln-KruseBirgit Frilling
Jun 12, 2012·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Sascha Köpke, Gabriele Meyer
May 2, 2021·Systematic Reviews·Azam SharifiFarahnaz Mohammadi-Shahbolaghi

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