Decreased bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets and the resurgence of malaria in Papua New Guinea.

Nature Communications
R. J. VinitStephan Karl

Abstract

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has the highest malaria transmission outside of Africa. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are believed to have helped to reduce average malaria prevalence in PNG from 16% in 2008 to 1% in 2014. Since 2015 malaria in PNG has resurged significantly. Here, we present observations documenting decreased bioefficacy of unused LLINs with manufacturing dates between 2013 and 2019 collected from villages and LLIN distributors in PNG. Specifically, we show that of n = 167 tested LLINs manufactured after 2013, only 17% are fulfilling the required World Health Organisation bioefficacy standards of ≥ 80% 24 h mortality or ≥ 95% 60 min knockdown in bioassays with pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles farauti mosquitoes. In contrast, all (100%, n = 25) LLINs with manufacturing dates prior to 2013 are meeting these bioefficacy standards. These results suggest that decreased bioefficacy of LLINs is contributing to the malaria resurgence in PNG and increased scrutiny of LLIN quality is warranted.

References

Feb 15, 2012·Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association·Ripu Daman SoodA P Dash
Jul 18, 2012·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Richard AllanAlbert Kilian
Dec 23, 2016·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Edward K ThomsenLisa J Reimer
Feb 23, 2017·Parasites & Vectors·John B KevenEdward D Walker
Aug 22, 2017·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Raul Narciso C GuedesJames E Throne
Nov 17, 2017·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Gussy KoimbuStephan Karl
Nov 18, 2017·Bulletin of the World Health Organization·Manuel W HetzelIvo Mueller

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