Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine region in the normal non-human primate

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
Dipankar NandiJohn F Stein

Abstract

Lesions in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cause akinesia. The PPN degenerates in Parkinson's disease. Stimulation of the PPN region induces stepping movements in rats and cats. These findings suggest that the PPN may play an important role in akines ia and that stimulating it may alleviate akinesia.Therefore, we have stereotactically implanted a macroelectrode in the left PPN region in a normal macaque to investigate the effects of deep brain stimulation at different frequencies. Motor activity was recorded with an infra-red counter and behaviour videotaped. At frequencies above 45 Hz there was significantly more severe akinesia than at lower frequencies (paired t -test, n=15, P<0.005). At 100 Hz, there was gross impairment of postural control. At low frequencies (5-30 Hz), stimulation induced a 5-Hz tremor in the right arm. We conclude that stimulating the PPN region at high frequency causes akinesia, whereas low frequencies induce some positive motor effects.

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Citations

Oct 1, 2011·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Yoland SmithMahlon R DeLong
May 21, 2011·Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery·Feridun AcarAttila Oğuzhanoğlu
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Mar 6, 2012·Neuroscience Letters·Dong Pyo JangZang-Hee Cho
Aug 2, 2011·Basal Ganglia·Thomas Wichmann, Mahlon R Delong
Jan 27, 2009·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·Bhooma R AravamuthanTipu Z Aziz
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