Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications.

Science
Divij MathewE John Wherry

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic, but human immune responses to the virus remain poorly understood. We used high-dimensional cytometry to analyze 125 COVID-19 patients and compare them with recovered and healthy individuals. Integrated analysis of ~200 immune and ~50 clinical features revealed activation of T cell and B cell subsets in a proportion of patients. A subgroup of patients had T cell activation characteristic of acute viral infection and plasmablast responses reaching >30% of circulating B cells. However, another subgroup had lymphocyte activation comparable with that in uninfected individuals. Stable versus dynamic immunological signatures were identified and linked to trajectories of disease severity change. Our analyses identified three immunotypes associated with poor clinical trajectories versus improving health. These immunotypes may have implications for the design of therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
PCA
PCR
fluorescence-activated cell sorting
FACS
FCS

Software Mentioned

R
xPONENT
hclust
FlowSOM
R package MASS
UMAP
emdist
R package rstatix
R function pheatmap
complexheatmap

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