Defective glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor expression in diabetic fatty Zucker rats

Diabetes
Francis C LynnR A Pederson

Abstract

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a peptide hormone that is released postprandially from the small intestine and acts in concert with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 to potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta-cell. In type 2 diabetes, there is a decreased responsiveness of the pancreas to GIP; however, the insulin response to GLP-1 remains intact. The literature suggests that the ineffectiveness of GIP in type 2 diabetes may be a result of chronic homologous desensitization of the GIP receptor. Yet, there has been no conclusive evidence suggesting that GIP levels are elevated in diabetes. The hypothesis of the present study is that one cause of decreased responsiveness to GIP in type 2 diabetes is an inappropriate expression of the GIP receptor in the pancreatic islet. This hypothesis was tested using a strain of diabetic fatty Zucker rats. The obese rats displayed basal GIP levels similar to the control animals; however, they were unresponsive to a GIP infusion (4 pmol.min(-1). kg(-1)), whereas the lean animals displayed a significant reduction in blood glucose (GIP levels, 50% control after 60 min, P < 0.05) as well as a significant increase in circulating insulin. GIP also pote...Continue Reading

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