Defense Mechanisms in Adolescence as Predictors of Adult Personality Disorders

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
Thea StrandholmMauri Marttunen

Abstract

Our study examines whether defense styles and separate defenses in depressed adolescent outpatients predict adult personality disorders (PDs). We obtained data from consecutive adolescent outpatients who participated in the Adolescent Depression Study at baseline and at the 8-year follow-up (N = 140). Defense styles were divided into mature, neurotic, image-distorting, and immature and a secondary set of analyses were made with separate defenses as predictors of a PD diagnosis. Neurotic, image-distorting, and immature defense styles in adolescence were associated with adulthood PDs. Neurotic defense style associated with cluster B diagnosis and image-distorting defense style associated with cluster A diagnosis. Separate defenses of displacement, isolation, and reaction formation were independent predictors of adult PD diagnosis even after adjusting for PD diagnosis in adolescence. Defense styles and separate defenses predict later PDs and could be used in the focusing of treatment interventions for adolescents.

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Citations

Aug 21, 2018·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease·Michal MielimakaAnthony S Joyce
Jun 20, 2017·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·T Kawada
Nov 5, 2020·Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie·Elisabeth Clara WeberLea Sarrar
Sep 19, 2020·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease·Mariagrazia Di GiuseppeAlessandro Gennaro
Mar 7, 2020·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease·Leo WolmerPaz Toren

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