Defining a never-smoker: results from the nonsmokers survey

Addictive Behaviors
Cynthia S PomerleauAnn M Mehringer

Abstract

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control defines a never-smoker as someone who has smoked < 100 cigarettes per lifetime. In an attempt to explore differences among nonsmokers and to validate this cutpoint, we surveyed 69 nonsmokers who had smoked between 1 and 200 cigarettes in their lifetime on their experiences during the time they smoked. Of the 7 who classified themselves as ex-smokers, 2 met DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence, compared with none who classified themselves as never-smokers. No respondents provided data permitting the computation of a Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score. Withdrawal effects were minimal, but craving, tolerance, and subjective effects showed a pattern of significant differences that were most prominent between those who smoked only 1 cigarette and those who smoked at least a pack. Our data indicate a graded effect but also suggest that 19 cigarettes per lifetime is a more conservative cutpoint than 99 for defining the never-smoker phenotype. Further investigation of the smoking trajectory and characteristics associated with development of signs of dependence in never- vs. ever-smokers may help refine this cutpoint and shed light on what protects some people who experiment with...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1991·British Journal of Addiction·T F HeathertonK O Fagerström
Apr 25, 2000·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·T Eissenberg, R L Balster

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Citations

Jul 28, 2009·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Ovide F PomerleauErik J Sirevaag
Jun 1, 2012·Journal of Environmental and Public Health·Heather RyanJoe Gfroerer
Jan 24, 2008·BMC Public Health·Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Agustín Montes
May 7, 2013·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Raymond OrrPatrica Nez Henderson
Dec 10, 2013·Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA·Zhon-Min HuangGuang-Dar Juang
Aug 12, 2014·Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi·Min-Che TungHung-Yi Chiou
Apr 9, 2009·Clinical Cardiology·Ozgur CiftciHaldun Muderrisoglu
Mar 31, 2015·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·Anja KräplinThomas Goschke
Mar 19, 2014·Mutation Research. Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis·Peter GresnerWojciech Wasowicz
Aug 29, 2020·Journal of Addictive Diseases·Thiago P FernandesNatanael A Santos
Jul 29, 2017·Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA·Cheng-Huang ShenGuang-Dar Juang
Aug 28, 2019·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Jihoon KangSeungho Ryu
Sep 14, 2019·Tobacco Induced Diseases·Youngmee Kim, Won-Kyung Cho
Sep 14, 2019·Tobacco Induced Diseases·Emre Mumcu, Arzu Beklen
Jan 7, 2020·PloS One·Peter GrešnerJolanta Gromadzińska
Oct 1, 2020·Revista brasileira de psiquiatria : orgão oficial da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Asociación Psiquiátrica de la América Latina·Gabriella M SilvaNatanael A Santos
Feb 11, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Youngmee KimWon-Kyung Cho
Mar 7, 2021·Brain Imaging and Behavior·Thiago P FernandesNatanael A Santos

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