Defoliating insect immune defense interacts with induced plant defense during a population outbreak

Ecology
Lauri KapariTeija Ruuhola

Abstract

During population outbreaks, top-down and bottom-up factors are unable to control defoliator numbers. To our knowledge, details of biotic interactions leading to increased population density have not been studied during real population outbreaks. We experimentally assessed the strength of plant defenses and of insect immunocompetence, assumed to contribute to active insect resistance against parasitoids and pathogens, in the geometrid Epirrita autumnata during a steep increase in population density. We demonstrated rapid (same-season) induced resistance in the foliage of its host, mountain birch. The response was systemic, spreading throughout the tree, and retarded larval growth rate by approximately 10%. On the other hand, no direct delayed carry-over effects were found in the next season in larval growth rate, mortality, or pupal mass. Larval damage to a tree during the previous year, however, significantly (by approximately 13%) accelerated the advance of the immune response (measured as melanization of an implant inserted into the pupal hemocoel). The encapsulation rate correlated positively with larval mortality in trees in which larvae had been introduced the previous year, but not in control trees. Both of these observa...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 3, 2007·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Shiyong YangMarkus J Rantala
Apr 7, 2007·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Sanna HaviolaErkki Haukioja
Apr 14, 2011·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Teija RuuholaTarja Lehto
Apr 29, 2011·Parasitology·Markus J RantalaDerek A Roff
Aug 24, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Bret D ElderdGreg Dwyer
Dec 7, 2013·Die Naturwissenschaften·Fanny VogelweithJérôme Moreau
Mar 5, 2016·Journal of Insect Physiology·Fanny VogelweithJérôme Moreau
Sep 2, 2008·Journal of Insect Physiology·Noah Wilson-RichPhilip T Starks
Jun 14, 2006·Trends in Plant Science·Roland Mumm, Monica Hilker
Mar 20, 2008·Environmental Entomology·Jouni SorvariMarkus J Rantala

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