Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by ionizing radiation: influence of oxygen concentration

Water Research
R ZonaP Gehringer

Abstract

Ionizing radiation has been proved as a promising method for the degradation of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The gamma-radiolytic decomposition and chloride formation follows an apparent first order kinetic, kde/kCl = 3. For complete removal of 500 microM 2,4-D, a dose of 4 kGy is required. Phenolic intermediates (2,4-dichlorophenol, the isomers 2-chloro-4-hydroxy- and 4-chloro-2-hydroxy phenoxyacetic acid and three hydroxylation products of 2,4-D) are formed. Using oxygen saturation during irradiation, they are removed again with a dose of 4 kGy. For the formation of the main organic product acetic acid a reaction mechanism is discussed. Oxygen concentration enhances strongly fragmentation and mineralization. A reduction of 36% TOC could be achieved.

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Citations

Sep 9, 2011·Environmental Health Perspectives·Claire PhilippatRémy Slama
Aug 6, 2004·Chemosphere·Przemysław DrzewiczMarek Trojanowicz
Sep 20, 2005·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Anna Bojanowska-CzajkaMarek Trojanowicz
Apr 28, 2006·The Journal of Toxicological Sciences·Hiroaki AoyamaShoji Teramoto
Mar 8, 2005·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·P DrzewiczM Trojanowicz
Apr 19, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Guadalupe Albarrán, Edith Mendoza
Dec 31, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·Byungjin Lee, Myunjoo Lee

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