Delayed implantation of intramedullary chitosan channels containing nerve grafts promotes extensive axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury

Neurosurgery
Hiroshi NomuraCharles H Tator

Abstract

We describe a new strategy to promote axonal regeneration after subacute or chronic spinal cord injury consisting of intramedullary implantation of chitosan guidance channels containing peripheral nerve (PN) grafts. Chitosan channels filled with PN grafts harvested from green fluorescent protein rats were implanted in the cavity 1 week (subacute) or 4 weeks (chronic) after 50-g clip injury at T8 and were compared with similarly injured animals implanted with either unfilled channels or no channels. Functional recovery was measured weekly for 12 weeks by open-field locomotion, after which histological examination was performed. The implanted channels with PN grafts contained a thick tissue bridge containing as many as 35,000 myelinated axons in both the subacute and chronic spinal cord injury groups, with the greatest number of axons in the channels containing PN grafts implanted subacutely. There were numerous green fluorescent protein-positive donor Schwann cells in the tissue bridges in all animals with PN grafts. Moreover, these Schwann cells had high functional capacity in terms of myelination of the axons in the channels. In addition, PN-filled chitosan channels showed excellent biocompatibility with the adjacent neural ti...Continue Reading

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