Demographic, risk, and spatial factors associated with over-the-counter syringe purchase among injection drug users.

American Journal of Epidemiology
Thomas J StopkaAlex H Kral

Abstract

Since 2005, California law allowed over-the-counter (OTC) syringe sales pending local authorization. Although pharmacy sales of OTC syringes are associated with reduced injection-mediated risks and decreases in human immunodeficiency virus infection rates, little is known about the factors associated with syringe purchase among injection drug users (IDUs). Using a cross-sectional design, the authors applied targeted sampling to collect quantitative survey data from IDUs (n = 563) recruited in San Francisco, California, during 2008. They also compiled a comprehensive list of retail pharmacies, their location, and whether they sell OTC syringes. They used a novel combination of geographic information system and statistical analyses to determine the demographic, behavioral, and spatial factors associated with OTC syringe purchase by IDUs. In multivariate analyses, age, race, injection frequency, the type of drug injected, and the source of syringe supply were independently associated with OTC syringe purchases. Notably, the prevalence of OTC syringe purchase was 53% lower among African-American IDUs (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.67) and higher among injectors of methamphetamine (adjusted preva...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 1, 2014·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Alexis N MartinezAlex H Kral
Apr 12, 2014·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Alexis N MartinezAlex H Kral
Jan 24, 2016·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Christopher RowePhilip O Coffin
Jan 21, 2016·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Sean T AllenJeff Jones
Jul 6, 2017·Journal of Medical Internet Research·Nicholas C PeiperGary A Zarkin
Jan 3, 2021·AIDS and Behavior·Natalie D CrawfordElyse Tung

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