PMID: 11918570Mar 29, 2002Paper

Dentistry between pathology and cosmetics

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
Thomas M Marthaler

Abstract

In ancient and medieval times, the prevalence of caries and periodontal disease varied. There were no treatments for dental hard tissue, but dental cosmetics played an important role. In the late 19th century, caries levels reached a maximum in Europe and North America after refined sugar became a cheap staple food. Toothlessness became frequent even in young adults. Caries prevention, effective on a public health scale, began with the introduction of water fluoridation in the 1940s. By 1985, dental academia had acknowledged that substantial declines could also be obtained in entire populations through topical fluorides, mainly in toothpastes. While decreasing caries prevalence is irrefutable in affluent countries, the specific reasons of the decline are still a matter of debate. In countries where caries has declined substantially, activities of dentists are shifting towards cosmetic dentistry. However, caries continues to be a problem for the lower socioeconomic strata, even in affluent countries, and is a serious problem in developing countries. Thus, water fluoridation is still important, and salt fluoridation should be considered where water fluoridation is not feasible. Both measures are extremely cheap to implement. Cont...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 5, 2003·International Dental Journal·R YeeD Walker
Dec 29, 2005·International Dental Journal·T M Marthaler, P E Petersen
May 13, 2003·The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry·Betul KargulIlknur Tanboga

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