Depletion of regulatory T cells increases T cell brain infiltration, reactive astrogliosis, and interferon-γ gene expression in acute experimental traumatic brain injury

Journal of Neuroinflammation
Tobias KrämerMichael K E Schäfer

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. T cells were shown to infiltrate the brain during the first days after injury and to exacerbate tissue damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the hitherto unresolved role of immunosuppressive, regulatory T cells (Tregs) in experimental TBI. "Depletion of regulatory T cell" (DEREG) and wild type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice, treated with diphtheria toxin (DTx) to deplete Tregs or to serve as control, were subjected to the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI. Neurological and motor deficits were examined until 5 days post-injury (dpi). At the 5 dpi endpoint, (immuno-) histological, protein, and gene expression analyses were carried out to evaluate the consequences of Tregs depletion. Comparison of parametric or non-parametric data between two groups was done using Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney U test. For multiple comparisons, p values were calculated by one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by specific post hoc tests. The overall neurological outcome at 5 dpi was not different between DEREG and WT mice but more severe motor deficits occurred transiently at 1 dpi in DEREG mice. DEREG and WT mice did not differ in the extent of brain damage, b...Continue Reading

References

Mar 3, 1998·Neurosurgery·S HolminT Mathiesen
Aug 31, 2001·Journal of Neurotrauma·A RegnerT Emanuelli
Dec 18, 2001·Journal of Neuroscience Research·S G KernieL F Parada
Jun 25, 2003·Experimental Neurology·S ChenN G Harris
Jan 30, 2004·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Helen M Bramlett, W Dalton Dietrich
Mar 5, 2005·Blood·Manuela BattagliaMaria-Grazia Roncarolo
Aug 16, 2006·The New England Journal of Medicine·Ganesh SuntharalingamNicki Panoskaltsis
Dec 1, 2006·Nature Immunology·Jeong M KimAlexander Y Rudensky
Jan 4, 2007·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Katharina LahlTim Sparwasser
Jun 19, 2007·British Journal of Anaesthesia·C Werner, K Engelhard
Aug 19, 2007·Annals of Medicine·Tobias BoppEdgar Schmitt
Aug 23, 2007·Journal of Neurotrauma·Fredrik ClausenLars Hillered
Nov 18, 2010·Metabolic Brain Disease·Xuefang RenHalina Offner
Feb 3, 2011·Methods in Molecular Biology·Katharina Lahl, Tim Sparwasser
Apr 21, 2012·Frontiers in Pharmacology·John T Weber
Dec 13, 2012·Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology·C SmithJ A R Nicoll
Mar 2, 2013·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Susanne M SchwarzmaierNikolaus Plesnila
Mar 6, 2013·Frontiers in Neurology·Thomas Woodcock, Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
May 4, 2013·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Carlos BarciaCarlos Barcia
Jan 11, 2014·Neuroscience Letters·Milos PeknyMarcela Pekna
Apr 10, 2014·Cell and Tissue Research·Michael K E SchäferAxel Methner
May 16, 2014·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Luokun XieKunlin Jin
Aug 21, 2014·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Ramani Balu
Oct 17, 2014·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·James T WalshJonathan Kipnis
Nov 8, 2014·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Shin-Young NaRoland Veltkamp
Nov 20, 2014·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Susanne M Schwarzmaier, Nikolaus Plesnila
Jan 20, 2015·JAMA Neurology·Kara N CorpsDorian B McGavern
Mar 11, 2015·British Journal of Pharmacology·Ila P KarvePeter J Crack
Mar 21, 2015·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Arthur LieszHalina Offner
Mar 31, 2015·Brain Research·Luokun Xie, Shao-Hua Yang
Apr 18, 2015·Chinese Medical Journal·Min LiJian-Ning Zhang
Apr 22, 2015·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Michael V Sofroniew
Oct 10, 2015·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Dipender Gill, Roland Veltkamp
Nov 28, 2015·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Nikolaus Plesnila
Apr 1, 2016·Translational Stroke Research·Arthur Liesz, Christoph Kleinschnitz

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 30, 2019·Brain Sciences·Matthew R ChrostekAndrew W Grande
Mar 29, 2020·Brain and Neuroscience Advances·Caitlín Ní Chasaide, Marina A Lynch
Dec 19, 2019·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Samuel D ShinSalvador Soriano
Apr 12, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Ramona SturmBorna Relja
Sep 24, 2020·British Journal of Pharmacology·Regina HummelMichael K E Schäfer
Dec 9, 2020·Thrombosis Research·W Brad HubbardRolando E Rumbaut
Jan 13, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yoshihiko Kakinuma
Feb 20, 2021·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Ziaur Rahman, Manoj P Dandekar
Mar 13, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience·Shaunik SharmaAlexander G Bassuk
Mar 14, 2021·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli, Bill Deakin
Mar 28, 2021·Acta Pharmacologica Sinica·Hong-Yun WangNai-Hong Chen
Apr 17, 2021·Frontiers in Genetics·Yawen MaYixue Xue
Jun 14, 2021·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·Xiaobo LiGuo Hong
Jun 24, 2021·Mediators of Inflammation·Rodolfo Kölliker-FrersFrancisco Capani
Jul 23, 2021·International Immunopharmacology·Jianqin XueJianhua Su
Aug 18, 2021·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Douglas Buchmann GodinhoLuiz Fernando Freire Royes

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
flow cytometry
dot
electrophoresis
PCR
dot blot
dot-blot

Software Mentioned

ImageJ Image
GraphPad Prism
Image Studio
FlowJo
LightCycler

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Blood Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier is a border that separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid. Discover the latest search on this highly selective semipermeable membrane here.

Blood Brain Barrier Regulation in Health & Disease

The blood brain barrier is essential in regulating the movement of molecules and substances in and out of the brain. Disruption to the blood brain barrier and changes in permeability allow pathogens and inflammatory molecules to cross the barrier and may play a part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Here is the latest research in this field.

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that support the blood-brain barrier, facilitate neurotransmission, provide nutrients to neurons, and help repair damaged nervous tissues. Here is the latest research.

Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.

Astrocytes in Repair & Regeneration

Astrocytes are glial cells found within the CNS and are able to regenerate new neurons. They become activated during CNS injury and disease. The activation leads to the transcription of new genes and the repair and regeneration of neurons. Discover the latest research on astrocytes in repair and regeneration here.

Blood Brain Barrier Chips

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of endothelial cells that regulate the influx and outflux of plasma concentrations. Lab-on-a-chip devices allow scientists to model diseases and mechanisms such as the passage of therapeutic antibodies across the BBB. Discover the latest research on BBB chips here.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer vaccines are vaccines that either treat existing cancer or prevent development of a cancer.

Blood Brain Barrier & Cytokines

Some cytokines are able to cross the blood brain barrier through transport systems and enter the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid spaces. Here is the latest research on cytokines crossing the blood brain barrier and how this can affect tissues within the CNS.