Depression and Mania in Bipolar Disorder

Current Neuropharmacology
L TondoR J Baldessarini

Abstract

Episode duration, recurrence rates, and time spent in manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder (BD) is not well defined for subtypes of the disorder. We reviewed the course, timing, and duration of episodes of mania and depression among 1130 clinically treated DSM-IV-TR BD patients of various types, and compared duration and rates as well as total proportion of time in depressive versus manic episodes during 16.7 average years at risk. As expected, episodes of depressions were much longer than manias, but episode-duration did not differ among BD diagnostic types: I, II, with mainly mixed-episodes (BD-Mx), or with psychotic features (BD-P). Recurrence rates (episodes/year) and proportion of time in depression and their ratios to mania were highest in BD-II and BD-Mx subjects, with more manias/year in psychotic and BD-I subjects. In most BD-subtypes, except with psychotic features, there was more time in depressive than manic morbidity, owing mainly to longer depressive than manic episodes. The proportion of time in depression was highest among those who followed a predominant DMI course, whereas total time in mania was greatest in BD with psychotic features and BD-I. and with an MDI course. Subtypes of BD patients differe...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 27, 2017·International Journal of Bipolar Disorders·Bernardo Dell'OssoTerence A Ketter
Feb 13, 2019·Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics·Renee-Marie Ragguett, Roger S McIntyre
Jul 18, 2019·Current Medical Research and Opinion·Roger S McIntyre, Joseph R Calabrese
Apr 22, 2020·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Taeho Greg RheeSamuel T Wilkinson
Sep 24, 2020·Case Reports in Psychiatry·Hannah MirzakhaniJacob Mathew
Apr 21, 2020·Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment·Feridun BulbulEmre Ersahinoglu
Aug 9, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·David LichtsteinAnastasia Hodes
Nov 11, 2020·ELife·Paolo OssolaCarlo Marchesi
Nov 17, 2020·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Adriano José Maia Chaves FilhoDanielle S Macedo
Feb 20, 2021·Journal of Affective Disorders·Maya KuperbergAndrew A Nierenberg
Apr 21, 2021·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Ellen DoneyCaroline Menard
Aug 3, 2021·International Journal of Bipolar Disorders·Norm O'RourkeYaacov G Bachner
Oct 16, 2021·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·Massimiliano BuoliUNKNOWN ISBD Italian Chapter Epidemiologic Group

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