Depression, Sex and Gender Roles in Older Adult Populations: The International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS)

PloS One
Afshin VafaeiRicardo O Guerra

Abstract

To assess the associations between gender roles and depression in older men and women and whether gender roles are independent risk factors for depression. International cross-sectional study of adults between 65 and 74 years old (n = 1,967). Depression was defined by a score of 16 or over in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). A validated 12-item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) was used to classify participants in gender roles (Masculine, Feminine, Androgynous, and Undifferentiated) using research site medians of femininity and masculinity as cut-off points. Poisson regressions were fitted to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) of depression for each gender role compared to the masculine role, adjusting for sex, sufficiency of income, education, marital status, self-rated health, and chronic conditions. Among men, 31.2% were androgynous, 26% were masculine, 14.4% were feminine, and 28.4% were undifferentiated; among women, the corresponding percentages were 32.7%, 14.9%, 27%, and 25.4%. Both in men and in women, depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16) were more prevalent in those endorsing the undifferentiated type, compared to masculine, feminine or androgynous groups. However, after adjusting for potential co...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 26, 2017·Women & Health·Sara Esteban-GonzaloLaura Estaban-Gonzalo
Jun 4, 2020·Anxiety, Stress, and Coping·Maryse ArcandMarie-France Marin
May 11, 2018·International Journal of Epidemiology·Fernando GomezJack Guralnik
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May 28, 2020·International Psychogeriatrics·M Pilar MatudDemelza Fortes
Feb 26, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Sara Esteban-GonzaloLaura Esteban-Gonzalo

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