Derivation and Validation of the SWAP Score for Very Early Prediction of Neurologic Outcome in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Hong-Mo ShihWei-Kung Chen

Abstract

For patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an emergency department (ED), the early evaluation of their neurologic prognosis is essential for emergency physicians. The aim of this study is to establish a simple and useful assessment tool for rapidly estimating the prognosis of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after their arrival at an ED. A total of 852 patients admitted from January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2017, were prospectively registered and enrolled in the derivation cohort. Multivariate logistic regression on this cohort identified 4 independent factors associated with unfavorable outcomes: initial nonshockable rhythm (odds ratio [OR] 3.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58 to 7.32), no witness of collapse (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.51 to 6.75), older than 60 years (OR 3.65; 95% CI 1.64 to 8.09), and pH less than or equal to 7.00 (OR 3.27; 95% CI 1.42 to 7.54). The shockable rhythm-witness-age-pH (SWAP) score was developed and 1 point was assigned to each predictor. For a SWAP score of 4, the specificity was 97.14% (95% CI 91.62% to 100%) for unfavorable outcomes in the derivation cohort. For validation, we retrospectively collected data for 859 patients with out-of-hosp...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 14, 2020·Journal of the American Heart Association·Richard T CarrickDavid M Kent
Jun 23, 2020·Emergency Medicine International·Yen-Chin ChenHong-Mo Shih
Oct 2, 2020·Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open·Joshua R LuptonMohamud R Daya

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