Dermatological and environmental toxicological impact of the sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone/benzophenone-3

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
Joseph C DiNardo, C A Downs

Abstract

Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) is an emerging human and environmental contaminant used in sunscreens and personal care products to help minimize the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. The Center for Disease Control fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals demonstrated that approximately 97% of the people tested have oxybenzone present in their urine, and independent scientists have reported various concentrations in waterways and fish worldwide. Oxybenzone can also react with chlorine, producing hazardous by-products that can concentrate in swimming pools and wastewater treatment plants. Moreover, adverse reactions could very well be increased by the closed loop of ingesting fish contaminated with oxybenzone and/or washing the ingredient off our bodies and having it return in drinking water as treatment plants do not effectively remove the chemical as part of their processing protocols. In humans, oxybenzone has been reported to produce contact and photocontact allergy reactions, implemented as a possible endocrine disruptor and has been linked to Hirschsprung's disease. Environmentally, oxybenzone has been shown to produce a variety of toxic reactions in coral and fish ranging from reef bleachin...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jun 9, 2018·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Jenni TienahoMatti Karp
Aug 28, 2018·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Kaushita BanerjeePadma Thiagarajan
Nov 30, 2019·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Amal GuesmiLekha Sleno
Feb 29, 2020·International Journal of Dermatology·Susie SuhNatasha A Mesinkovska
May 10, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Cédric PeyrotFlorent Allais
Jun 17, 2020·Scientific Reports·Didier StienPhilippe Lebaron
Sep 13, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Ana-Belén Muñiz-González, José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
Jan 21, 2021·Pharmaceuticals·Vanessa Geraldes, Ernani Pinto
Aug 22, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Subha SasiUsha K Aravind
Mar 25, 2021·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Chukwuebuka EgbunaOrish E Orisakwe
Mar 1, 2021·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Amaris N GeislerHenry W Lim
Mar 19, 2021·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Yasmine S D Watkins, J Brett Sallach
Jun 7, 2021·Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy·Nesma M FahmyMona H Abdelrahman
Jun 28, 2021·Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology·Vivian Maria Souza de CarvalhoCristiane D Gil
Dec 6, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Ana Luisa Pires Moreira, Ana Carolina Luchiari

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