PMID: 8966482Jan 1, 1996Paper

Design and statistical problems in prevention

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. Supplement
B Gullberg

Abstract

Clinical and epidemiological research in osteoporosis can benefit from using the methods and techniques established in the area of chronic disease epidemiology. However, attention has to be given to the special characteristics such as the multifactorial nature and the fact that the subjects usually are of high ages. In order to evaluate prevention it is of course first necessary to detect and confirm reversible risk factors. The advantage and disadvantage of different design (cross-sectional, cohort and case-control) are well known. The effects of avoidable biases, e.g. selection, observation and confounding have to be balanced against practical conveniences like time, expenses, recruitment etc. The translation of relative risks into population attributable risks (etiologic fractions, prevented fractions) are complex and are usually performed under unrealistic, simplified assumptions. The consequences of interactions (synergy) between risk factors are often neglected. The multifactorial structure requires application of more advanced multi-level statistical techniques. The common strategy in prevention to target a cluster of risk factors in order to avoid the multifactorial nature implies that in the end it is impossible to sep...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1995·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·O JohnellG Lyritis

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Citations

Nov 11, 2005·Clinical Trials : Journal of the Society for Clinical Trials·Heather G AllorePeter N Peduzzi

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