Design of a wearable device for real-time screening of urinary tract infection and kidney disease based on smartphone

The Analyst
Jianyu Zhou, Tao Dong

Abstract

In this study, we developed a novel wearable and low-cost device for qualitative screening of glucose (GLU), leukocytes (LEU), and nitrite (NIT) and for semi-quantitative analysis of blood (BLD) and proteins (PRO) in the urine samples. The device can be attached to a diaper, and the results can be read by an app. The main functions of the device can be divided into sample collection, valve closing, and pad saturation; the recorded times for valve closing and pad saturation at four corners and pad saturation at the central parts are pseudo-medians (Hodges-Lehmann estimator) of 3.55 (95% WCI, 3.45-3.72), 6.5 (95% WCI, 6-7), and 6 (95% WCI, 5.5-6.5) minutes, respectively. The RGB values in the reagent pads remain stable from 20 min to 480 min, which satisfies the requirement of regular diaper-wearing time. Pre-diagnostic results indicate high accuracy with good accuracy for the app recognition of five biomarkers in the urine samples, which makes it a promising tool for screening diseases, especially for the elderly healthcare.

References

Jul 31, 2002·American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation·Shalini T ReddyCharles Y C Pak
Jul 16, 2003·Annals of Internal Medicine·Andrew S LeveyUNKNOWN National Kidney Foundation
Aug 27, 2005·IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence·Liwei WangJufu Feng
Jun 19, 2012·Analytical Chemistry·Li SuXingguo Chen
Apr 30, 2014·Pediatrics·Eric W GlissmeyerCarrie L Byington
Mar 23, 2017·IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems·Haakon Karlsen, Tao Dong

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Citations

May 3, 2019·Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension·Sook H ParkLorenzo Gallon
Feb 23, 2020·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Wenqiang WangWenzhi Cai
Nov 11, 2020·Scientific Reports·Takuma OhnishiIsamu Kamimaki

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
urine sample collection
urine

Software Mentioned

Matlab

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