Detection and phylogenetic characterization of arbovirus dual-infections among persons during a chikungunya fever outbreak, Haiti 2014

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Sarah Keller WhiteJ Glenn Morris

Abstract

In the context of recent arbovirus epidemics, questions about the frequency of simultaneous infection of patients with different arbovirus species have been raised. In 2014, a major Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemic impacted the Caribbean and South America. As part of ongoing screening of schoolchildren presenting with acute undifferentiated febrile illness in rural Haiti, we used RT-PCR to identify CHIKV infections in 82 of 100 children with this diagnosis during May-August 2014. Among these, eight were infected with a second arbovirus: six with Zika virus (ZIKV), one with Dengue virus serotype 2, and one with Mayaro virus (MAYV). These dual infections were only detected following culture of the specimen, suggesting low viral loads of the co-infecting species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the ZIKV and MAYV strains differ from those detected later in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Moreover, CHIKV and ZIKV strains from co-infected patients clustered monophyletically in their respective phylogeny, and clock calibration traced back the common ancestor of each clade to an overlapping timeframe of introduction of these arboviruses onto the island.

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Citations

Jan 11, 2019·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·John A LednickyJ Glenn Morris
Jan 23, 2019·PLoS Biology·Chantal B F VogelsNathan D Grubaugh
Sep 6, 2018·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Jacob D BallMadsen Beau de Rochars
Aug 27, 2019·Zoonoses and Public Health·Emelissa J MendozaHeidi Wood
Mar 19, 2020·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Francesca F NormanUNKNOWN Redivi Study Group
Jun 4, 2021·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Edgar-Yaset CaicedoZulma M Cucunubá
Jun 17, 2021·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Maha A ElbadryJohn A Lednicky

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

Sequencher
TreePuzzle
IQ
RDP4
TreeAnnotator
TREE
FigTree
MEGA7
BEAST
UFBoot

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