Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in soil: multiple needles in the haystack

Scientific Reports
M. Tio-ComaA. Geluk

Abstract

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae affecting the skin and nerves. Despite decades of availability of adequate treatment, transmission is unabated and transmission routes are not completely understood. Despite the general assumption that untreated M. leprae infected humans represent the major source of transmission, scarce reports indicate that environmental sources could also play a role as a reservoir. We investigated whether M. leprae DNA is present in soil of regions where leprosy is endemic or areas with possible animal reservoirs (armadillos and red squirrels). Soil samples (n = 73) were collected in Bangladesh, Suriname and the British Isles. Presence of M. leprae DNA was determined by RLEP PCR and genotypes were further identified by Sanger sequencing. M. leprae DNA was identified in 16.0% of soil from houses of leprosy patients (Bangladesh), in 10.7% from armadillos' holes (Suriname) and in 5% from the habitat of lepromatous red squirrels (British Isles). Genotype 1 was found in Bangladesh whilst in Suriname the genotype was 1 or 2. M. leprae DNA can be detected in soil near human and animal sources, suggesting that environmental sources represent (temporary) reservoirs for M. leprae.

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Citations

Apr 28, 2020·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Thomas PloemacherToine Pieters
Jun 25, 2020·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·Vikram SinghAnjana Goel
Jun 2, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Charlotte AvanziStewart T Cole
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May 27, 2021·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Thomas HambridgeJan Hendrik Richardus
Oct 7, 2020·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Charlotte AvanziPhilip N Suffys

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
PCRs

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