Detection of oestrogenic chemicals by assaying the expression level of oestrogen regulated genes

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
M JørgensenH Leffers

Abstract

The oestrogen receptor belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Classically, nuclear receptors are thought to reside either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm where they interact with their ligand which induces a conformational change that exposes the DNA binding domain. This is followed by dimerisation and binding of their corresponding response elements. By interacting with the transcriptional apparatus they then either activate or repress the transcription of target genes. However, this is a highly simplified view, since the activated oestrogen receptor interacts with other signal transduction pathways and its intrinsic transcriptional activity is highly influenced by phosphorylation and by its interaction with other proteins. This is clearly observed when the oestrogenicity of antioestrogens is tested since some compounds activate the receptor in yeast, but not in mammalian cells. However, when specific kinases are activated antioestrogens can also function as oestrogens in mammalian cells. Moreover, components of the MAP kinase and perhaps the cAMP and other pathways are activated before the receptor even enters the nucleus. Thus, when analysing the effects of oestrogenic compounds, it is important to assay both th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 25, 2002·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·P DielG Vollmer
Oct 6, 2000·Andrologia·T J KledalH Leffers
Apr 3, 1998·APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica·D M de Kretser, I Damjanov
May 16, 2000·Environmental Health Perspectives·M JørgensenH Leffers
Aug 28, 2001·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·D L LattierG P Toth
Aug 25, 2007·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Mohammad Kazem KoohiRichard Ivell
Jul 31, 2003·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews·Jeanette M Rotchell, Gary K Ostrander

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