Determinants and Determination of Carotenoid Bioavailability from Infant Food Formulas and Adult Nutritionals Including Liquid Dairy Products

Journal of AOAC International
Torsten Bohn

Abstract

Carotenoids are typically tetraterpenoid phytochemicals that cannot be synthesized by humans, some of which such as β-carotene can be metabolized into vitamin A. Sufficient carotenoid intake and tissue levels have been associated with several health benefits including the reduction of cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer and also the amelioration of age-related macular degeneration. Carotenoids and their metabolites have also been related to reduced inflammation and oxidative stress via interacting with transcription factors, such as NF-κB and Nrf-2, as well as with the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor, implicated in immune functions and cellular differentiation. Therefore, carotenoids are important for growth and development. They could mark beneficial constituents in infant food formulas and adult nutritionals, the latter typically constituting protein-rich liquid foods targeting meal replacements. Carotenoids may be present by nature (typically below 20 μg/100 mL) or following fortification (up to 200 μg/100 mL), such as for lutein and β-carotene. However, carotenoid bioavailability may be low and variable, especially in low-fat items. Although most infant foods and adult nutritionals ...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 16, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Gabriela MarcelinoRita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães

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