Determinants of muscle carnosine content.

Amino Acids
Roger HarrisC Sale

Abstract

The main determinant of muscle carnosine (M-Carn) content is undoubtedly species, with, for example, aerobically trained female vegetarian athletes [with circa 13 mmol/kg dry muscle (dm)] having just 1/10th of that found in trained thoroughbred horses. Muscle fibre type is another key determinant, as type II fibres have a higher M-Carn or muscle histidine containing dipeptide (M-HCD) content than type I fibres. In vegetarians, M-Carn is limited by hepatic synthesis of β-alanine, whereas in omnivores this is augmented by the hydrolysis of dietary supplied HCD's resulting in muscle levels two or more times higher. β-alanine supplementation will increase M-Carn. The same increase in M-Carn occurs with administration of an equal molar quantity of carnosine as an alternative source of β-alanine. Following the cessation of supplementation, M-Carn returns to pre-supplementation levels, with an estimated t1/2 of 5-9 weeks. Higher than normal M-Carn contents have been noted in some chronically weight-trained subjects, but it is unclear if this is due to the training per se, or secondary to changes in muscle fibre composition, an increase in β-alanine intake or even anabolic steroid use. There is no measureable loss of M-Carn with acute ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 13, 2013·Amino Acids·Craig SaleRoger C Harris
Jan 16, 2014·Indian Journal of Microbiology·Wei-Fang BaiJun-Fang Lin
Mar 16, 2013·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Peter J WatkinsRobyn D Warner
Jan 4, 2013·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Bill CampbellRichard B Kreider
Jan 7, 2016·Journal of Proteome Research·Parastoo FazelzadehMark V Boekschoten
Jan 15, 2013·Chemico-biological Interactions·Zhengzhi XieOleg A Barski
Mar 13, 2015·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Roxanne M VogelJordan R Moon
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Aug 3, 2018·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Chad M KerksickRichard B Kreider
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Jan 18, 2017·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Y Peter JungRichard B Kreider
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Mar 31, 2021·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Astrid PfeifferAdriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
Aug 14, 2021·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research·Mark D TurnerAlan R Hipkiss

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
biopsy

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