Determination and source apportionment of five classes of steroid hormones in urban rivers

Environmental Science & Technology
Hong ChangJianying Hu

Abstract

We developed an original analytical method for monitoring five estrogens, nine androgens, nine progestogens, six glucocorticoids, and one mineralocorticoid in one water sample using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, and then 45 river, 13 discharging sites, and 4 composite effluent samples were analyzed to reveal their occurrence and sources in urban rivers. Of the 45 river samples, androgens were the dominant steroids detected (total concentrations up to 480 ng/L), followed by glucocorticoids (up to 52 ng/L), progestogens (up to 50 ng/L, and estrogens (up to 9.8 ng/L). The summed concentration for each class of detected hormones in 13 discharging site samples was higher than that in river samples, up to 1887 ng/L for androgens, 390 ng/L for glucocorticoids, 75 ng/L for progestogens, and 25 ng/L for estrogens. A principal component analyses with multiple linear regression based on the profiles of all target compounds was applied to identify the source apportionment and to predict the contribution from different sources. It was found that 62.7% of the mean summed hormones were contributed by freshly discharged untreated sewage, 29.4% by treated sewage and/or naturally attenuated untreated sewage, and 7....Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 29, 2013·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·W Baylor SteeleThomas W La Point
May 6, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Yong-Guan ZhuFrancis L Martin
Aug 21, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Shan LiuLiang-Ying He
Oct 18, 2011·Chemistry Central Journal·Nawed Ik DeshmukhDeclan P Naughton
Mar 22, 2014·Aquatic Toxicology·Jian HanBingsheng Zhou
Mar 26, 2011·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Han WeiLi Wei
Feb 4, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Ai JiaShane A Snyder
Jan 7, 2016·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Stefan ÖrnLeif Norrgren
May 18, 2012·Water Research·Shan LiuHua-Jie Lai
Jan 28, 2012·Environment International·Subramaniam KugathasJohn P Sumpter
Dec 7, 2010·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Sándor Görög
Sep 8, 2010·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Britta GrillitschErich Möstl
Mar 26, 2014·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Bing-Hui ZhengZhi-Qiang Jiang
Oct 7, 2011·The Science of the Total Environment·Ze-hua LiuKatharine F Knowlton
Jul 11, 2013·Environment International·Jin-Lin Liu, Ming-Hung Wong
Feb 5, 2014·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Kei NakayamaGo Suzuki
Sep 5, 2014·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Xiaoqin HeZhaode Mu

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