Determination of ¹³⁵Cs and ¹³⁷Cs in environmental samples: A review

Analytica Chimica Acta
Ben C RussellPhil E Warwick

Abstract

Radionuclides of caesium are environmentally important since they are formed as significant high yield fission products ((135)Cs and (137)Cs) and activation products ((134)Cs and (136)Cs) during nuclear fission. They originate from a range of nuclear activities such as weapons testing, nuclear reprocessing and nuclear fuel cycle discharges and nuclear accidents. Whilst (137)Cs, (134)Cs and (136)Cs are routinely measurable at high sensitivity by gamma spectrometry, routine detection of long-lived (135)Cs by radiometric methods is challenging. This measurement is, however, important given its significance in long-term nuclear waste storage and disposal. Furthermore, the (135)Cs/(137)Cs ratio varies with reactor, weapon and fuel type, and accurate measurement of this ratio can therefore be used as a forensic tool in identifying the source(s) of nuclear contamination. The shorter-lived activation products (134)Cs and (136)Cs have a limited application but provide useful early information on fuel irradiation history and have importance in health physics. Detection of (135)Cs (and (137)Cs) is achievable by mass spectrometric techniques; most commonly inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as well as thermal ionisation...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 18, 2017·Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry·Masaki OhataNaoko Nonose
May 5, 2018·Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry·H MohamudN I Ward
Jul 23, 2019·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Laura M CalviJames Palis
May 31, 2020·Scientific Reports·Junwen WuJiang Sun

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