Determination of anatomic landmarks for optimal placement in captive-bolt euthanasia of goats

American Journal of Veterinary Research
Paul J PlummerLeslie C Shearer

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal anatomic site and directional aim of a penetrating captive bolt (PCB) for euthanasia of goats. SAMPLE 8 skulls from horned and polled goat cadavers and 10 anesthetized horned and polled goats scheduled to be euthanized at the end of a teaching laboratory. PROCEDURES Sagittal sections of cadaver skulls from 8 horned and polled goats were used to determine the ideal anatomic site and aiming of a PCB to maximize damage to the midbrain region of the brainstem for euthanasia. Anatomic sites for ideal placement and directional aiming were confirmed by use of 10 anesthetized horned and polled goats. RESULTS Clinical observation and postmortem examination of the sagittal sections of skulls from the 10 anesthetized goats that were euthanized confirmed that perpendicular placement and firing of a PCB at the intersection of 2 lines, each drawn from the lateral canthus of 1 eye to the middle of the base of the opposite ear, resulted in consistent disruption of the midbrain and thalamus in all goats. Immediate cessation of breathing, followed by a loss of heartbeat in all 10 of the anesthetized goats, confirmed that use of this site consistently resulted in effective euthanasia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RE...Continue Reading

References

Aug 16, 2002·Australian Veterinary Journal·J W FinnieG E Summersides
Dec 1, 2007·Meat Science·Neville G GregoryJoanne P Widdicombe
Dec 20, 2015·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Rachel J DerscheidJan K Shearer
Feb 1, 2017·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Samantha L CollinsBrian K Whitlock

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Citations

Jun 12, 2019·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Joe S SmithRonald W Griffith
Oct 28, 2020·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Melissa N HempsteadPaul J Plummer
Feb 6, 2021·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice·Paul J PlummerTaylor M Lindquist
Feb 25, 2021·Veterinary Medicine International·Jackson M NceberePeter K Gathumbi

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