Determination of diuretics in human urine by hollow fiber-based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography

The Analyst
Zhuomin ZhangGuonan Chen

Abstract

In competition sports, a diuretic is a substance widely prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). In this paper, a sensitive, rapid and convenient analytical method for the determination of acidic [furosemide (FUROS) and bumetanide (BUMET)] and basic [triamterene (TRIAM)] diuretics in human urine was developed by hollow fiber-based liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (LLLME) coupled with HPLC-UV. The LLLME conditions, such as the organic extraction solvent, the acidity and basicity of the donor- and acceptor-phases, stirring speed, extraction time and ionic strength, were studied in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges of furosemide, bumetanide and triamterene were 1.2-250, 5.0-250 and 5.0-500 ng mL(-1), respectively. The detection limits were 0.5 ng mL(-1) for furosemide, 1.2 ng mL(-1) for bumetanide and 2.0 ng mL(-1) for triamterene. The LLLME obtained a great improvement of the detection limits for all the analytes considered here, to the ng mL(-1) level, which almost reaches the level of the LC-MS method. This new LLLME method provided very high enrichments: 117-fold for furosemide, 175-fold for bumetanide and 68-fold for triamterene. Since the hollow fiber membrane was sealed, it could be used ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 7, 2013·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Irena BaranowskaJacek Baranowski
Aug 10, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Flavia BadoudJean-Luc Veuthey
Mar 10, 2016·Acta Pharmaceutica : a Quarterly Journal of Croatian Pharmaceutical Society and Slovenian Pharmaceutical Society, Dealing with All Branches of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences·Soad S Abd El-HayAyman A Gouda
Apr 9, 2010·Drug Testing and Analysis·Mario ThevisWilhelm Schänzer
May 24, 2012·European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics·Jovan K PopovićVesna Tepavčević

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