Determination of low levels of perchlorate in lettuce and spinach using ion chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS)

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Angelia L Seyfferth, David R Parker

Abstract

A sample preparation method was developed to quantify environmentally relevant (low micrograms per liter) concentrations of perchlorate (ClO4(-)) in leafy vegetables using IC-ESI-MS. Lettuce and spinach were macerated, centrifuged, and filtered, and the aqueous extracts were rendered water-clear using a one-step solid-phase extraction method. Total time for extraction and sample preparation was 6 h. Ion suppression was demonstrated and was likely due to unknown organics still present in the extract solution after cleanup. However, this interference was readily eliminated using a Cl(18)O4(-) internal standard at 1 microg/L in all standards and samples. Hydroponically grown perchlorate-free butterhead lettuce was spiked to either 10.3 or 37.7 microg/kg of fresh weight (FW), and recoveries were between 91 and 98% and between 93 and 101%, respectively. Five types of lettuce and spinach from a local grocery store were then analyzed; they contained from 0.6 to 6.4 microg/kg of FW. Spike recoveries using the store-bought samples ranged from 89 to 100%. The method detection limit for perchlorate in plant extracts is 40 ng/L, and the corresponding minimum reporting limit is 200 ng/L or 0.8 microg/kg of FW.

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Citations

May 16, 2013·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Hongzhi HeZhenzhen Shu
Oct 30, 2013·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·R CalderónM Escudey
Apr 29, 2008·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·G Charnley
Mar 1, 2013·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part B, Surveillance·Şana Sungur, Muhammet Meriç Atan
Dec 1, 2006·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS
Jan 29, 2017·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·R CalderónP Palma
Jul 24, 2020·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Chen WangChengyin Lu
May 24, 2008·Analytical Chemistry·Susan D Richardson
Apr 30, 2008·Environmental Science & Technology·David R ParkerBrandi Kiel Reese
Jun 2, 2007·Environmental Science & Technology·Angelia L Seyfferth, David R Parker

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