Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine by the combination of stir membrane liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
S RiañoMiguel Valcárcel

Abstract

A stir membrane liquid phase microextraction procedure working under the three-phase mode is proposed for the first time for the determination of six anti-inflammatory drugs in human urine. The target compounds are isolated and preconcentrated using a special device that integrates the extractant and the stirring element. An alkaline aqueous solution is used as extractant phase while 1-octanol is selected as supported liquid membrane solvent. After the extraction, all the analytes are determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet detection (UV). The analytical method is optimized considering the main involved variables (e.g., pH of donor and acceptor phases, extraction time, stirring rate) and the results indicate that the determination of anti-inflammatory drugs at therapeutic and toxic levels is completely feasible. The limits of detection are in the range from 12.6 (indomethacin) to 30.7 μg/L (naproxen). The repeatability of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) varies between 3.4% (flurbiprofen) and 5.7% (ketoprofen), while the enrichment factors are in the range from 35.0 (naproxen) to 72.5 (indomethacin).

References

May 21, 2005·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Antonella ArestaCarlo G Zambonin
May 27, 2008·The American Journal of Medicine·Roger JonesJames Scheiman
Aug 14, 2009·Journal of Chromatography. a·Marta Cruz-VeraMiguel Valcárcel
Feb 18, 2010·Survey of Ophthalmology·Stephen J KimLee M Jampol
Apr 1, 2009·Bioanalysis·Rafael LucenaMiguel Valcárcel
Jan 5, 2011·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Hiroyuki Kataoka, Keita Saito
Jan 18, 2011·Journal of Chromatography. a·M C Alcudia-LeónM Valcárcel
Sep 9, 2011·Bioanalysis·Barbara BojkoJanusz Pawliszyn

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Citations

Aug 16, 2016·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Teresa Martinez-SenaFrancesc A Esteve-Turrillas
Jan 17, 2017·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Carlos AlmeidaJosé Manuel F Nogueira

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