Determination of superoxide in seawater using 2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7- dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one chemiluminescence

Analytical Chemistry
Andrew L RoseT David Waite

Abstract

Superoxide, the one-electron reduced form of dioxygen, is known to be generated in marine environments by photochemical and biological processes. Because of its selective reaction with only a few commonly occurring compounds, superoxide is expected to approach concentrations in the high picomolar or low nanomolar range in seawater. Most currently existing methods do not have both the necessary sensitivity and selectivity to measure naturally occurring concentrations. In contrast, we demonstrate here that the chemiluminescence reagent 2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[l,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (MCLA) is selective for superoxide in seawater and can be used with a detection limit of around 50 pM. Although a wide range of potential interferences were shown not to react with MCLA directly, some care must be taken when analyzing samples containing nanomolar concentrations of Fe(II), Cu(I), Mo(V), V(III), or V(IV), since these compounds can react with oxygen to produce superoxide during analysis that is subsequently detected. We describe two methods for calibrating the system, one employing photochemically generated superoxide standards and the other employing the superoxide-generating xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 9, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Tong ZhangCarl H Lamborg
Apr 12, 2016·Frontiers in Chemistry·Robin J SchneiderBettina M Voelker
Nov 2, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Lijuan YinWeihua Song
Oct 14, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz, Silvio Canonica
Mar 13, 2014·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Leanne C Powers, William L Miller
Nov 30, 2018·Journal of Plankton Research·Julia M Diaz, Sydney Plummer
Dec 8, 2020·Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans·Kevin M SutherlandColleen M Hansel
Dec 31, 2009·Environmental Science & Technology·Maija I Heller, Peter L Croot
Nov 17, 2010·Environmental Science & Technology·Manabu FujiiTatsuo Omura
Oct 30, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Kalina C GrabbColleen M Hansel
Oct 15, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Danning ZhangWeihua Song
Mar 8, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·S Paul HansardBettina M Voelker
Dec 30, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Jiaqian SunWeihua Song

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