Determination of urinary hippuric acid in toluene abuse

Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology
B Raikhlin-EisenkraftY Bentur

Abstract

Volatile substance abuse is practiced mainly by adolescents and young adults. Its effects are central nervous system excitation followed by central nervous system depression, at times accompanied by seizures. It may cause sudden death as a result of ventricular arrhythmias, reflex vagal inhibition, respiratory depression, and anoxia. Chronic toxicity may involve the nervous system, heart, kidney, and liver. Toluene-based adhesives are among the most commonly inhaled substances. A 14-year-old female presented with confusion, hallucinations, and intermittent laughing and crying after having inhaled contact glue several times daily in the course of 5 days. Her condition improved within 3 h. Urinary hippuric acid was 93.9 g/g creatinine indicating heavy toluene exposure (biological exposure index, BEI, is 1.6 g/g creatinine). In this patient, urinary hippuric acid was a biomarker for her toluene abuse.

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Citations

Jun 9, 2016·International Journal of Analytical Chemistry·Bruna Claudia CoppeRenata Pereira Limberger
Sep 17, 2004·Journal of Psychoactive Drugs·Flavia Valladão Thiesen, Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
Mar 25, 2004·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Kiyokazu TakebayashiNorio Mori
May 16, 2007·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Flavia Valladão ThiesenHelena M T Barros
May 31, 2003·Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals·Ismet CokEsin Gökçe

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