Abstract
Volatile substance abuse is practiced mainly by adolescents and young adults. Its effects are central nervous system excitation followed by central nervous system depression, at times accompanied by seizures. It may cause sudden death as a result of ventricular arrhythmias, reflex vagal inhibition, respiratory depression, and anoxia. Chronic toxicity may involve the nervous system, heart, kidney, and liver. Toluene-based adhesives are among the most commonly inhaled substances. A 14-year-old female presented with confusion, hallucinations, and intermittent laughing and crying after having inhaled contact glue several times daily in the course of 5 days. Her condition improved within 3 h. Urinary hippuric acid was 93.9 g/g creatinine indicating heavy toluene exposure (biological exposure index, BEI, is 1.6 g/g creatinine). In this patient, urinary hippuric acid was a biomarker for her toluene abuse.
References
Sep 15, 1977·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·M OgataS Kira
Oct 1, 1975·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·W Cathcart-RakeJ Grantham
Jan 1, 1992·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·S J LiuM Ikeda
Jan 1, 1992·Archives of Toxicology·K AmenoI Ijiri
Feb 18, 1991·The Medical Journal of Australia·E M Chalmers
Dec 1, 1991·Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie·A ByrneS Ensminger
Feb 1, 1991·Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·E J CarlisleM L Halperin
Jan 1, 1990·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·T P NgC N Ong
Feb 1, 1990·Forensic Science International : Synergy·T MiyazakiI Tsukue
Jun 1, 1989·Forensic Science International : Synergy·K AmenoI Ijiri
Jan 1, 1988·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·G Nise, P Orbaek
Jan 1, 1983·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·F BrugnoneP Mariotto
Mar 1, 1982·Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health·A Carlsson
Aug 1, 1995·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·T KawamotoY Kodama
Jan 1, 1993·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·O InoueM Ikeda
Feb 1, 1993·Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health·J BaelumM Døssing
May 1, 1996·Southern Medical Journal·R Meadows, A Verghese
Apr 7, 2000·Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems·M N CliffordL A Mitchell
Citations
Jun 9, 2016·International Journal of Analytical Chemistry·Bruna Claudia CoppeRenata Pereira Limberger
Sep 17, 2004·Journal of Psychoactive Drugs·Flavia Valladão Thiesen, Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
Mar 25, 2004·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Kiyokazu TakebayashiNorio Mori
May 16, 2007·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Flavia Valladão ThiesenHelena M T Barros
May 31, 2003·Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals·Ismet CokEsin Gökçe