Developing risk models of Cryptosporidium transport in soils from vegetated, tilted soilbox experiments

Journal of Environmental Quality
Thomas HarterK W Tate

Abstract

Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum through macroporous soils is poorly understood yet critical for assessing the risk of groundwater contamination. We developed a conceptual model of the physics of flow and transport in packed, tilted, and vegetated soilboxes during and immediately after a simulated rainfall event and applied it to 54 experiments implemented with different soils, slopes, and rainfall rates. Using a parsimonious inverse modeling procedure, we show that a significant amount of subsurface outflow from the soilboxes is due to macropore flow. The effective hydraulic properties of the macropore space were obtained by calibration of a simple two-domain flow and transport model that accounts for coupled flow in the matrix and in the macropores of the soils. Using linear mixed-effects analysis, macropore hydraulic properties and oocyst attenuation were shown to be associated with soil bulk density and rainfall rate. Macropore flow was shown to be responsible for bromide and C. parvum transport through the soil into the underlying pore space observed during the 4-h experiments. We confirmed this finding by conducting a pair of saturated soil column studies under homogeneously repacked conditions with no macropores in wh...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 11, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Yuanyuan LiuThanh H Nguyen
Apr 1, 2010·Foodborne Pathogens and Disease·Douglas G Boyer, Ewa Kuczynska
Oct 25, 2008·Journal of Environmental Quality·Cynthia L WinkworthColin R Townsend
Oct 4, 2016·Journal of Environmental Quality·Zachariah ZoppSharon C Long
Feb 16, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Christine StumppPiotr Maloszewski

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