PMID: 24344394Dec 18, 2013Paper

Development and application of LC–APCI–MS method for biomonitoring of animal and human exposure to imidacloprid

Chemosphere
Matthaios P KavvalakisAristidis M Tsatsakis

Abstract

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a relatively new neuro-active neonicotinoid insecticide and nowadays one of the largest selling insecticides worldwide. In the present study a LC–APCI–MS based method was developed and validated for the quantification of imidacloprid and its main metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6- CINA) in urine and hair specimens. The method was tested in biomonitoring of intentionally exposed animals and subsequently applied for biomonitoring of Cretan urban and rural population. The developed analytical method comprises two main steps of analytes isolation from specimen (solid– liquid extraction with methanol for hair, liquid–liquid extraction with methanol for urine) and subsequent instrumental analysis by LC–APCI–MS. The developed method was applied for the monitoring of IMI and 6-ClNA in hair and urine of laboratory animals (rabbits) intentionally fed with insecticide at low or high doses (40 and 80 mg kg(-1) weight d(-1) respectively) for 24 weeks. The analytes were detected in the regularly acquired hair and urine specimens and their found levels were proportional to the feeding dose and time of exposure with the exception of slight decline of IMI levels in high dose fed rabbits after 24 weeks of feeding. This d...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 9, 2016·Chemosphere·Polychronis D StivaktakisAristidis M Tsatsakis
Mar 18, 2016·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Marta LeporatiMarco Vincenti
May 13, 2014·Drug Testing and Analysis·Matthaios P KavvalakisAristidis M Tsatsakis
Aug 5, 2016·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Fernando G IturburuMirta L Menone
Jul 12, 2018·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Carlos AdelantadoMohammed Zougagh
Feb 7, 2020·Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics·Junghwan SuhHo-Seong Kim
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Carmen Costas-Ferreira, Lilian R F Faro
Jul 7, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Saliha ÇelikNebile Daglioglu

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