Development of an Automatic Alpine Skiing Turn Detection Algorithm Based on a Simple Sensor Setup

Sensors
Aaron MartínezThomas Stöggl

Abstract

In order to gain insight into skiing performance, it is necessary to determine the point where each turn begins. Recent developments in sensor technology have made it possible to develop simpler automatic turn detection methodologies, however they are not feasible for regular use. The aim of this study was to develop a sensor set up and an algorithm to precisely detect turns during alpine ski, which is feasible for a daily use. An IMU was attached to the posterior upper cuff of each ski boot. Turn movements were reproduced on a ski-ergometer at different turn durations and slopes. Algorithms were developed to analyze vertical, medio-lateral, anterior-posterior axes, and resultant accelerometer and gyroscope signals. Raw signals, and signals filtered with 3, 6, 9, and 12 Hz cut-offs were used to identify turn switch points. Video recordings were assessed to establish a reference turn-switch and precision (mean bias = 5.2, LoA = 51.4 ms). Precision was adjusted based on reference and the best signals were selected. The z-axis and resultant gyroscope signals, filtered at 3Hz are the most precise signals (0.056 and 0.063 s, respectively) to automatically detect turn switches during alpine skiing using this simple system.

References

May 1, 1973·Journal of Biomechanics·J M Morawski
Oct 2, 1998·Journal of Sports Sciences·E MüllerS Lindinger
Sep 10, 2011·Journal of Applied Biomechanics·Frantisek VaverkaMilan Elfmark
Nov 6, 2012·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·M SupejH-C Holmberg
Apr 5, 2016·Sensors·Gwangjae YuSiddhartha Bikram Panday

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Citations

Apr 25, 2020·Sensors·Sara Stančin, Sašo Tomažič
Aug 6, 2020·Sensors·Christina NeuwirthThomas Stöggl
Sep 6, 2019·Frontiers in Sports and Active Living·Aaron MartínezThomas Stöggl
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Sports and Active Living·Aaron MartínezThomas Stöggl
May 1, 2021·Frontiers in Sports and Active Living·Florian NimmervollMartin Reiter
Jun 3, 2021·Sensors·Cory SnyderThomas Stöggl

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Software Mentioned

MATLAB
SkiSense
SPSS
Excel

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